• NHRA: SIXTY YEARS OF THUNDER


      Having a small, nimble car may have been important to motorists overseas, but the realities of American road travel meant that very few domestic vehicles would ever be taken over narrow, twisty mountain passes or road raced in the European manner. Yet while American cars were built to traverse wide ribbons of highway for hundreds of miles at a time (and navigate busy city streets at a snail's pace) it did not mean that the fun was over. It just meant that one's driving entertainment had to come from a new direction. Before long, passionate motorists realized that, while American speed limits were low compared to other places in the world, a car did not have to take forever to reach them.


      Photo courtesy
      National Dragster/NHRA Archives
      In the days of the Ford Model T most motorists had low expectations about the performance of their cars and the roads upon which they drove. They were satisfied just to reach their destinations without a flat tire or mechanical problem and most did not seriously consider how much more fun or rewarding their journeys would be if cars were more entertaining to drive. As the popularity of automobiles boomed during the 1930s and 1940s, streets became ever more car friendly, providing a means to allow drivers to take better advantage of the steadily increasing performance potential of their vehicles. By the end of World War II, returning servicemen found themselves in a very fortunate position. They had money to spend on cars, newly acquired engineering and fabrication skills, and a myriad of new venues unwittingly provided by federal, state, and local governments on which to parade the fruits of their mechanical aptitude.



      Photo courtesy
      National Dragster/NHRA Archives
      One approach to fun on the road was propagated by former soldiers who had returned home with sports cars like the MGs and Fiats that they had seen while stationed in Europe. But by far the most affordable way to have an entertaining driving experience—and express your individuality in the process—was to buy an inexpensive, second hand American car and modify it yourself to suit your taste and needs. Since it was not necessary to place a priority on handling and maneuverability, American hot rodders came to prefer the light and powerful 1932 Ford V-8 and an entire industry was built around improving their straight-line performance and the performance of other vehicles with equal potential. Regarded as merely "used cars" after the war, these vehicles were cheap to buy and easy to modify by their enthusiastic owners, who tested their acceleration and top speed capabilities on little used (or poorly patrolled) stretches of highway. Yet while their exploits gained attention in local club newsletters and nationally distributed publications such as Robert E. Petersen's Hot Rod magazine, aficionados had little formal organization and a less than stellar safety record. Wally Parks took it upon himself to change that.


      Photo courtesy
      National Dragster/NHRA Archives



      Parks was born in Goltry, Oklahoma, in 1913. During the early 1920s his family relocated to California where he developed an intense interest in all things automotive. He attended his first event at the dry lakes during the mid-1930s and by 1937 had channeled his enthusiasm to help found both the Road Runners hot rod club and the Southern California Timing Association, ultimately becoming general manager of the latter. Desiring to combine his passion for vehicles with a need to make a living, Parks became a military tank test driver for General Motors then served in the United States Army in the South Pacific during World War II. After the war ended, Parks wasted no time getting back to the business of hot rodding and was one of the best known figures of the day. He stayed intimately aware of the progress that speed equipment suppliers and backyard mechanics were making during the early postwar years and also their exploits on the dry lakes in Southern California and the Salt Flats in Utah. By 1949 interest and participation among enthusiasts had become so strong that Parks decided it was time to organize the first SCTA Speed Week, which was held at Bonneville. In observing the action, Parks could not help but notice that, while top speed was still important to enthusiasts, interest in a vehicle's acceleration was growing substantially. In response to public demand, the first contest held exclusively to gauge a vehicle's ability to cover a measured distance in the shortest time was held in 1949 at Goleta Airport near Santa Barbara and presented by the Santa Barbara Acceleration Association. One year later, the first commercial event was held at an airfield in Santa Ana, the same Southern California town where the SCTA organized a number of drag races on a Navy blimp base.



      Photo courtesy
      National Dragster/NHRA Archives

      A longtime friend of Robert E. "Pete" Petersen, Wally Parks became editor of Petersen's Hot Rod magazine in 1950, a position that gave him the opportunity and influence to form the National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) one year later. His goal was to "create order from chaos" by introducing rigorous safety rules and performance standards that helped legitimize the sport. Appropriately, Parks was selected to be the newly formed organization's first president and the NHRA held its first official race in April 1953 on a section of the Los Angeles County Fairgrounds parking lot in Pomona, the same location that they race even to this day. NHRA staged its first national event in 1955 in Great Bend, Kansas. Called "The Nationals," the contest was later held at alternating venues around the country for maximum national exposure before finding a permanent home in Indianapolis in 1961. The Winternationals, NHRA's second event, was first held in 1960. By then Detroit had taken notice of the growing interest in quarter-mile times and was building brand new cars with ever more powerful engines to capture a portion of the market. Soon the ability to beat everybody else away from a stoplight became a matter of considerable pride among American drivers.



      Photo courtesy
      National Dragster/NHRA Archives
      Unlike racing a roadster at Indy or running a streamliner at Bonneville, participating in NHRA-style acceleration contests was an achievable goal for enthusiasts from all walks of life throughout America. The earliest automobiles built specifically to drag race were constructed primarily by backyard mechanics in their garages and could best be described as street cars with hopped up engines and bodies that had been cut down to reduce weight. They were little different than the hot rods that some of them used as daily drivers. Determined professionals soon realized the limitations of modifying existing vehicles and began to construct purpose-built cars from scratch. These builders embodied in their cars the practical lessons they had learned about weight distribution, fuel formulas, aerodynamics, traction, and safety. Ultimately the cars became longer and lighter and equipped to run on exotic fuels. But possibly the most important advancement was to relocate the engine from the front to the back, an innovation championed by racing great Don Garlits who was severely injured when the transmission in his dragster exploded between his feet during a race. This simple change improved not only the weight distribution, traction, and handling of a straight-line racer, but also infinitely enhanced the safety of the driver in the event of a catastrophic engine or driveline failure.



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      National Dragster/NHRA Archives
      Lasting only as long as they were relevant, some of the best remembered NHRA classes are those that no longer exist and which encompass vehicles that were equipped at the factory with only the most essential equipment for racing such as the largest possible engines, special axles and transmissions, lightweight body panels (whether aluminum, fiberglass, or acid dipped steel), and numerous "delete options" such as radios, heaters, wipers, and hubcaps. Although a buyer could theoretically walk into a dealer and order such a car, most opted for more drivable vehicles with carpeting, radios, power accessories, and less temperamental engines.



      In 1962 a relentless increase in competitiveness brought about a new category of vehicle called Factory Experimental (FX). These cars shared the basic appearance of their road going counterparts, but were easily distinguished by the position of the body, which had been moved rearward (relative to the axles) for a more favorable weight distribution and better traction. As the quest for a performance edge continued further, these full-bodied drag racing vehicles became so specialized that they were built with very few production car parts except for the bodywork. Recognizing the need to adapt, the NHRA established its Pro Stock class for such vehicles in 1970. Ultimately, even the production based bodies were abandoned and replaced by those that bore only a passing resemblance to production cars. An unusually large number of people thought they looked "funny", a description that was ultimately included in the official designation of a new class of dragsters called Funny Cars.



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      National Dragster/NHRA Archives
      Top fuel dragsters are the best known vehicles in modern NHRA competition, but there are more than 200 other classes that are just as hotly contested and NHRA racers today are divided into 12 groups called "eliminators". The specifications for the vehicles in each given category are governed by regulations that address the type of vehicle, engine capacity, weight, modifications, and aerodynamics. Of these 12 groups, the four "professional" categories are Top Fuel, Funny Cars, Pro Stock, and Pro Stock Motorcycles. At more than 30 feet in length, the 10,000-horsepower Top Fuel dragsters are often called the "kings of the sport" because of their ability to cover a 1,000-foot distance in as little as 4.4 seconds at a closing speed of more than 330 miles per hour, burning about 15 gallons of nitro-methane fuel in the process. Funny Cars, the second category, share a large number of engineering characteristics with Top Fuel dragsters, but have a slightly shorter wheelbase, are equipped with front mounted engines, and are fitted with lightweight carbon fiber bodies designed to loosely resemble those of production cars. Vehicles in the third group, Pro Stock, more closely resemble production-based cars, but are designed according to a formula that specifies what kind of engine, chassis and suspension to use in addition to their weight and physical dimensions. Not to be overshadowed by their four-wheel counterparts, Pro Stock Motorcycles comprise the fourth group and are built using specially constructed frames sheathed in aerodynamic "bodies" and are powered by engines from a variety of manufacturers that meet strict guidelines. The remaining eight groups consist of Top Alcohol Dragsters, Top Alcohol Funny Cars, Comp Dragsters, Super Stock, Stock, Super Comp, Super Gas, and Super Street. Victims of their own success, dragsters eventually became so fast that the NHRA reduced the track length from 1,320 feet (one quarter mile) to 1,000 feet in order to force a reduction in their top speeds. A handicapping system developed by the NHRA makes it possible for vehicles with differing performance to compete fairly when the need arises.



      Photo courtesy
      National Dragster/NHRA Archives
      Very few sports in modern times can compare with drag racing and even fewer can boast a sanctioning body that has a greater longevity than the NHRA, which organizes its Full Throttle Drag Racing Series that can be seen each year in 20 cities throughout the United States. The organization has kept up with the times and spectators today are presented with the opportunity to watch a wide array of vehicles, which can range from motorcycles and tuner cars to top fuel dragsters and pro stockers. Fans and aspiring drivers appreciate the accessibility to the racing teams that make and break important records and enthusiasts who linger in the pits after an event have a good chance of meeting their heroes and chatting with the people who helped make their wins possible, a bonus unavailable to spectators at Talladega or Le Mans. Southern California continues to figure prominently in the story of the NHRA, which has established its headquarters in Glendora, a suburb of Los Angeles about 25 miles east of downtown. A short distance from NHRA headquarters, Auto Club Raceway at Pomona is the best known of all drag racing venues. More than 140 other NHRA-member tracks, raceways, and drag strips are divided among seven divisions, each representing a different area of the United States. Together they serve the needs of more than 80,000 members who hold about 1,300 races annually throughout the world including Europe, Australia, New Zealand, South America, and even the Middle East where there are now drag strips in Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Abu Dhabi, and Dubai.



      Photo courtesy
      National Dragster/NHRA Archives
      Now in its 60th year, the NHRA embraces diversity like few other organizations. In dire contrast to other forms of motor sport, young people even have a chance to race at a reasonable price thanks to NHRA Junior Drag Racing. Regardless of one's gender, race, ethnicity, creed, or other personal circumstances, the only universal requirements among competitors are an enthusiasm for the sport and a drive to excel. NHRA founder Wally Parks, who clearly understood the value of determination, once said "We just had an idea and a strong desire to be self-sustaining ... to control our own destiny and be our own masters. We wanted to build the organization on its own merit. We saw a need—that being an avenue for safe drag racing—and with the help of a lot of good people and a little luck we seem to have had some success." It was an understatement in the extreme.





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